5 galvenās stratēģijas ekskavatoru šūpoļu gultņu trokšņa novēršanai

Summary:

Excavator swing bearings, also known as turntable bearings, play a vital role in the smooth operation of heavy machinery, providing support for the rotational components. However, issues such as abnormal noise can compromise performance and signal potential mechanical failures. In this article, we explore the key causes of noise in excavator swing bearings and offer practical solutions to prevent these issues, ensuring long-term reliability and efficiency in demanding work environments.

Ekskavatoru šūpoļu gultņu izpratne

The excavator swing bearing, often called a turntable bearing, is a robust component designed to withstand significant axial, radial, and overturning loads. Equipped with mounting holes, gears (internal or external), lubrication points, and sealing mechanisms, the swing bearing is integral to the seamless operation of the excavator’s slewing system. It enables the upper structure of the machine to rotate, distributing heavy loads effectively while maintaining smooth, precise movement.

Common Noise Issues in Excavator Swing Bearings

In some cases, excavator operators notice unusual noise coming from the swing bearing. While a uniform rolling noise during initial idle operation is typical, persistent or abnormal sounds indicate a problem that requires immediate attention. Below are five key reasons why an excavator swing bearing may produce noise and how to address these issues effectively.

1. Uneven Mounting Surface and Loose Bolts

An uneven mounting surface or improperly tightened bolts can significantly impact the performance of the excavator swing bearing. If the mounting surface does not meet the required flatness, it can cause the bearing raceway to experience negative clearance, leading to abnormal noise.

Causes:

• Uneven installation surface
• Loose or improperly torqued mounting bolts
• Poor pinion and gear meshing

Solutions:

• Ensure that the mounting surface is level and conforms to specified flatness requirements.
• Tighten the mounting bolts according to the manufacturer’s specifications.
• Inspect the pinion and ensure proper meshing to prevent elastic deformation of the bearing.

Table 1: Installation Checklist for Excavator Swing Bearings

2. Presence of Foreign Objects in the Swing Bearing

Foreign particles like sand, dirt, or metal shavings inside the excavator swing bearing can cause irregular vibrations and obstruct smooth operation. This often leads to scratching or denting of the bearing surfaces, resulting in non-periodic noise.

Prevention:

• Clean all bearing components thoroughly before installation.
• Inspect the lubricant and replace it if contaminants are present.
• Avoid using plastic cages with embedded foreign materials, as these can degrade bearing performance.

Solution:

If abnormal noise persists due to contamination, disassemble the bearing, clean all components meticulously, and reassemble with fresh, high-quality lubricant.

3. Inadequate or Poor-Quality Lubrication

Proper lubrication is crucial for the efficient operation of excavator swing bearings. Inadequate or incorrect lubrication can result in increased friction, leading to noise and potentially severe damage.

Common Lubrication Issues:

• Insufficient grease in the raceway
• Uneven distribution of lubricant
• Use of low-quality or aged grease
• Selection of an inappropriate lubricant type

Recommendations:

• Use a high-quality, heavy-duty grease designed for swing bearings.
• Maintain a consistent lubrication schedule and inspect the bearing for signs of grease depletion.
• Choose the appropriate lubricant based on the operating temperature and load conditions.

Choosing the Right Lubricant for Excavator Swing Bearings

Selecting the correct lubricant is essential to minimize noise and maximize bearing life. Consider factors like operating temperature, load capacity, and environmental conditions when choosing a grease.

4. Surface Damage: Cracks, Indentations, or Rust

Cracks, indentations, and rust on the raceway surface or rolling elements can lead to periodic vibrations and abnormal noises. These defects often arise from improper handling during installation or exposure to harsh environmental conditions.

Causes:

• Dropping or striking the bearing during installation
• Corrosive environments causing rust
• Lack of protective coatings or inadequate sealing

Solutions:

• Handle the swing bearing with care during installation.
• Apply a protective coating or use bearings with integrated seals to prevent rust.
• If surface damage is detected, replace or repair the bearing promptly to avoid further complications.

5. Severe Wear of Raceway and Rolling Elements

Over time, heavy loads and frequent use can cause wear and tear on the raceway and rolling elements of the swing bearing. Excessive wear leads to increased play, reduced accuracy, and abnormal noise during operation.

Symptoms of Wear:

• Increased rotational play
• Rough, inconsistent motion
• Audible grinding or scraping noises

Maintenance Tips:

• Conduct regular inspections for signs of wear.
• Replace worn components or the entire bearing if necessary.
• Implement a preventive maintenance schedule to reduce the risk of severe wear.

Table 2: Common Causes and Solutions for Excavator Swing Bearing Noise

Frequently Asked Questions About Excavator Swing Bearings

Why is my excavator swing bearing making noise?

Abnormal noise can be caused by uneven installation surfaces, foreign objects, insufficient lubrication, surface damage, or severe wear. Identifying the source of the noise is crucial for proper maintenance.

How often should I lubricate my excavator swing bearing?

The lubrication interval depends on the operating conditions. In general, it is recommended to lubricate the swing bearing every 200 working hours or as specified by the manufacturer.

Can I repair a damaged excavator swing bearing?

Minor surface damage can sometimes be repaired, but severe cracks or wear often require a complete bearing replacement to ensure safe operation.

Conclusion:
Excavator swing bearings are subjected to heavy loads and harsh operating environments, making them prone to noise issues. By understanding the common causes and implementing effective preventive measures, you can extend the service life of the bearing and maintain the efficient operation of your equipment. Regular inspections, proper installation, and consistent lubrication are key to preventing noise and ensuring the reliability of your excavator’s slewing system.