{"id":2659,"date":"2024-06-12T05:32:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-12T05:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/?p=2659"},"modified":"2024-06-12T05:35:35","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T05:35:35","slug":"common-excavator-reducer-faults","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/common-excavator-reducer-faults\/","title":{"rendered":"Be\u017en\u00e9 poruchy reduktorov r\u00fdpadiel: Identifik\u00e1cia a rie\u0161enia"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"excavator-reducer-foundation\"><a href=\"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/slewing-reducer\/\">Redukcia r\u00fdpadla<\/a> Nad\u00e1cia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Redukcia je mechanizmus prenosu v\u00fdkonu, ktor\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edva prevodov\u00fd mechanizmus na zn\u00ed\u017eenie ot\u00e1\u010dok motora na po\u017eadovan\u00fd po\u010det ot\u00e1\u010dok a z\u00edskanie v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho kr\u00fatiaceho momentu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Existuje mnoho typov reduktorov, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno pod\u013ea typu prevodu rozdeli\u0165 na prevodov\u00e9 reduktory, \u0161nekov\u00e9 reduktory, planetov\u00e9 reduktory a ich kombinovan\u00e9 reduktory; pod\u013ea po\u010dtu prevodov\u00fdch stup\u0148ov ich mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 na jednostup\u0148ov\u00e9 a viacstup\u0148ov\u00e9 reduktory; pod\u013ea tvaru ozuben\u00fdch kolies ich mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 na valcov\u00e9 reduktory, ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00e9 reduktory a ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00e9 valcov\u00e9 reduktory; pod\u013ea usporiadania prevodu ich mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 na rozlo\u017een\u00e9, delen\u00e9 a koaxi\u00e1lne reduktory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prevody maj\u00fa dve formy mazania: mazanie olejov\u00fdm baz\u00e9nom a cirkula\u010dn\u00e9 mazanie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mazac\u00ed olej by sa mal pravidelne kontrolova\u0165 a vymie\u0148a\u0165. Pri prvom pou\u017eit\u00ed novo nain\u0161talovan\u00e9ho reduktora r\u00fdpadla sa mus\u00ed po 10 a\u017e 15 d\u0148och prev\u00e1dzky vymeni\u0165 za nov\u00fd olej. V bud\u00facnosti by sa mala kvalita oleja pravidelne kontrolova\u0165 (2 - 3 mesiace), a ak nesp\u013a\u0148a po\u017eiadavky, mal by sa okam\u017eite vymeni\u0165. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti by sa mal olej meni\u0165 aspo\u0148 ka\u017ed\u00fdch \u0161es\u0165 mesiacov.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"analyzing-the-causes-of-gear-pitting-and-peeling-in-excavator-reducers\">Anal\u00fdza pr\u00ed\u010din vzniku jamiek a odlupovania ozuben\u00fdch kolies v reduktoroch r\u00fdpadiel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-1-what-are-the-causes-of-gear-pitting-and-peeling-in-the-gearbox-excavator-reducer\">2.1 Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010diny vzniku jamiek a odlupovania ozuben\u00fdch kolies v prevodovke (reduktore r\u00fdpadla)?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010fme sa pozrie\u0165 na r\u00f4zne faktory, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k vzniku jamiek a odlupovaniu prevodovky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>a. Materi\u00e1l, tvrdos\u0165 a chyby<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kvalita materi\u00e1lu:<\/strong> Materi\u00e1l ozuben\u00fdch kolies nemus\u00ed sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 po\u017eadovan\u00e9 normy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tvrdos\u0165:<\/strong> Jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch faktorov ovplyv\u0148uj\u00facich kontaktn\u00fa \u00fanavov\u00fa pevnos\u0165 ozuben\u00fdch kolies je n\u00edzka tvrdos\u0165 po tepelnom spracovan\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 nezabezpe\u010duje o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fa kontaktn\u00fa \u00fanavov\u00fa pevnos\u0165.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vady:<\/strong> Povrchov\u00e9 alebo vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 chyby ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa tie\u017e prispievaj\u00fa k nedostato\u010dnej \u00fanavovej pevnosti kontaktu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>b. Slab\u00e1 presnos\u0165 prevodovky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Presnos\u0165 spracovania a mont\u00e1\u017ee ozuben\u00fdch kolies nemus\u00ed sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 po\u017eadovan\u00e9 normy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00f4\u017eu sa vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 probl\u00e9my, ako je n\u00edzka presnos\u0165 sie\u0165ovania a presnos\u0165 pohybu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chyba stredovej vzdialenosti pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a kruhov\u00e9ho obl\u00fakov\u00e9ho prevodu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00e1, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje neefekt\u00edvnos\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>c. Nevhodn\u00fd mazac\u00ed olej<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Trieda pou\u017eit\u00e9ho mazacieho oleja m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nespr\u00e1vna.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00edzka viskozita oleja m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k slab\u00e9mu mazaciemu v\u00fdkonu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>d. Vysok\u00e1 hladina oleja<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ak je hladina oleja pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, teplota oleja sa m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00e1to zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 teplota zni\u017euje viskozitu mazacieho oleja, \u010d\u00edm sa zhor\u0161uje jeho mazac\u00ed v\u00fdkon a zni\u017euje sa pracovn\u00e1 hr\u00fabka olejov\u00e9ho filmu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pochopen\u00edm t\u00fdchto faktorov a pravidelnou kontrolou a \u00fadr\u017ebou prevodovky m\u00f4\u017eete zmierni\u0165 rizik\u00e1 vzniku jamiek a odlupovania ozuben\u00fdch kolies a zabezpe\u010di\u0165 hladk\u00fa a efekt\u00edvnu prev\u00e1dzku reduktora r\u00fdpadla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-2-please-provide-a-brief-analysis-of-the-cause-of-the-gearbox-shaft-coupling\">2.2. Uve\u010fte stru\u010dn\u00fa anal\u00fdzu pr\u00ed\u010diny spojenia hriade\u013ea prevodovky?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"743\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/00050-743x1024.jpg\" alt=\"reduktor r\u00fdpadla\" class=\"wp-image-4140\" style=\"width:861px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/00050-743x1024.jpg 743w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/00050-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/00050-768x1059.jpg 768w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/00050-9x12.jpg 9w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/00050-600x827.jpg 600w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/00050.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 743px) 100vw, 743px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">reduktor r\u00fdpadla<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Odpove\u010f: a. Je to sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 zlomen\u00fdm zubom, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee vstupn\u00fd hriade\u013e str\u00e1ca axi\u00e1lnu v\u00e4zbu, \u010do vedie k nes\u00faososti hriade\u013ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Je to sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 uvo\u013enen\u00fdm upevnen\u00edm medzi hnac\u00edm ozuben\u00fdm kolesom na medzi\u013eahlom hriadeli a hriade\u013eom. V skuto\u010dnom prevode \u010dasto v d\u00f4sledku nedostato\u010dn\u00e9ho vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho spojenia medzi hnan\u00fdm ozuben\u00fdm kolesom a medzin\u00e1pravov\u00fdm hriade\u013eom sp\u00f4sobuje hnan\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koleso axi\u00e1lny posun vo\u010di medzin\u00e1pravov\u00e9mu hriade\u013eu, \u010do n\u00e1sledne sp\u00f4sobuje axi\u00e1lny posun vstupn\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea. Nedostato\u010dn\u00e9 vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie je preto hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou struny hriade\u013ea prevodovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Ur\u010dit\u00fd vplyv na s\u00e9riov\u00fd hriade\u013e m\u00e1 aj riadenie prevodovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-3-please-briefly-analyze-the-reasons-for-the-high-temperature-of-the-deceleration-oil\">2.3. Stru\u010dne analyzujte pr\u00ed\u010diny vysokej teploty spoma\u013eovacieho oleja?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Odpove\u010f: a. Mazac\u00ed olej je nekvalifikovan\u00fd alebo sa pou\u017e\u00edval pr\u00edli\u0161 dlho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Nadmern\u00e9 mno\u017estvo mazacieho oleja neprispieva k odvodu tepla z mechanizmu prevodovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Po\u0161koden\u00e9 \u010dasti. Mechanick\u00e9 po\u0161kodenie zah\u0155\u0148a v\u00e1\u017ene jamky na ozuben\u00fdch koles\u00e1ch, zlomenie zubov, po\u0161kodenie klietok lo\u017e\u00edsk, vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch a vonkaj\u0161\u00edch kr\u00fa\u017ekov, gu\u013ekov\u00fdch lo\u017e\u00edsk a v\u00e1\u017ene zablokovanie lo\u017e\u00edsk alebo deform\u00e1ciu hriade\u013ea;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. Vonkaj\u0161ia strana schr\u00e1nky je pokryt\u00e1 ne\u010distotami alebo prachom. Ak s\u00fa okolo reduktora nahromaden\u00e9 veci alebo povrch telesa nie je dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das \u010disten\u00fd, je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee pokr\u00fdvka z ne\u010dist\u00f4t alebo prachu m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 ne\u00fapln\u00fd odvod tepla z reduktora, \u010do vedie k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu teploty oleja;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>e. Chladiace zariadenie je zablokovan\u00e9 alebo nefunguje spr\u00e1vne. Chladiace zariadenie, podobne ako prevodovka, je umiestnen\u00e9 v pra\u0161nej tov\u00e1renskej budove. Ak sa vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 potrubia dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das ne\u010distia a chladiace zariadenie je zablokovan\u00e9 alebo po\u0161koden\u00e9, sp\u00f4sob\u00ed to zv\u00fd\u0161enie teploty oleja v prevodovke;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-4-regular-maintenance-and-malfunctions-of-the-excavator-reducer\">2.4. Pravideln\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba a poruchy reduktora r\u00fdpadla :<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Be\u017en\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba zah\u0155\u0148a najm\u00e4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1. Nastavenie a uvedenie do prev\u00e1dzky po\u010das in\u0161tal\u00e1cie; 2. Pravideln\u00e9 kontroly, n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 kontroly pri vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch a testovanie kvality oleja; 3. Pravideln\u00e9 dop\u013a\u0148anie a v\u00fdmena oleja.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie chyby patria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Redukcia r\u00fdpadla v\u00fdrazne vibruje; 2. Je tu hluk; 3. Vysok\u00e1 teplota oleja; 4. \u00danik oleja; 5. Po\u0161kodenie ozuben\u00fdch kolies; 6. S\u00e9ria os\u00ed; 7. Zlomen\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-\u3001-maintenance-and-upkeep-of-the-excavator-reducer\">3\u3001 \u00dadr\u017eba a zachovanie <a href=\"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/slewing-reducer\/\">reduktor r\u00fdpadla<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>3.1 In\u0161tal\u00e1cia a nastavenie<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Aby sa zabezpe\u010dila presnos\u0165 mont\u00e1\u017ee reduktora, nie je potrebn\u00e9 po\u010das mont\u00e1\u017ee sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 stroj a nepo\u0161kodi\u0165 tesniace lepidlo. Hrdzav\u00fd mazac\u00ed tuk na povrchu prevodovky mo\u017eno skontrolova\u0165 otvoren\u00edm priezoru krytu oleja alebo umyt\u00edm petrolejom (naftou).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Medzi reduktorom a motorom alebo hos\u0165om sa m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017ei\u0165 pru\u017en\u00e9 spojky alebo ozuben\u00e9 spojky alebo in\u00e9 nepru\u017en\u00e9 spojky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Redukcia by mala by\u0165 nain\u0161talovan\u00e1 stabilne a pevne a tesnenie na nastavenie z\u00e1kladne mus\u00ed by\u0165 pevne prerezan\u00e9 (pomocou oce\u013eov\u00fdch podlo\u017eiek). Odch\u00fdlka s\u00faosovosti medzi spojovac\u00edmi \u010das\u0165ami nesmie prekro\u010di\u0165 pr\u00edpustn\u00fa hodnotu pou\u017eit\u00e9ho spojovacieho zariadenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. Skontrolujte, \u010di s\u00fa skrutky na ka\u017edej tesniacej ploche \u0161katule uvo\u013enen\u00e9, a ak s\u00fa uvo\u013enen\u00e9, znovu ich utiahnite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.2 Pou\u017e\u00edvanie a \u00fadr\u017eba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Pred ofici\u00e1lnym uveden\u00edm reduktora do prev\u00e1dzky sa mus\u00ed vykona\u0165 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eov\u00e1 sk\u00fa\u0161ka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Pred z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eovou sk\u00fa\u0161kou by sa mal prida\u0165 mazac\u00ed olej pod\u013ea polohy olejovej zna\u010dky a v\u00fdstupn\u00fd hriade\u013e by sa mal ot\u00e1\u010da\u0165 rukou, aby sa oto\u010dil o jeden kruh, ktor\u00fd mus\u00ed by\u0165 pru\u017en\u00fd. Potom by mal by\u0165 dve hodiny vo vo\u013enobehu a nemal by by\u0165 po\u010du\u0165 \u017eiadny abnorm\u00e1lny hluk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Po\u010das z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eovej sk\u00fa\u0161ky by sa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e mala postupne za\u0165a\u017eova\u0165 a\u017e do pln\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia (ak to podmienky dovo\u013euj\u00fa, mala by sa za\u0165a\u017eova\u0165 v \u0161tyroch etap\u00e1ch 25%, 50%, 75% a 100%) a ka\u017ed\u00e1 etapa by nemala trva\u0165 menej ako 2 hodiny. Mal by by\u0165 stabiln\u00fd a bez n\u00e1razov\u00fdch vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed a \u00faniku oleja. Po potvrden\u00ed, \u017ee sa nevyskytli \u017eiadne poruchy, by sa mal mazac\u00ed olej vo vn\u00fatri stroja pred pou\u017eit\u00edm vypusti\u0165 alebo prefiltrova\u0165 pomocou filtra s 200 okami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. Ak sa po\u010das sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9ho chodu vyskytn\u00fa ak\u00e9ko\u013evek neobvykl\u00e9 situ\u00e1cie, je potrebn\u00e9 zisti\u0165 ich pr\u00ed\u010dinu, odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 ju a okam\u017eite informova\u0165 v\u00fdrobcu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>e. Redukcia by sa mala opravova\u0165 raz za \u0161es\u0165 mesiacov prev\u00e1dzky a povrch zubov by sa mal pravidelne kontrolova\u0165 (ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148), \u010di sa na \u0148om nevyskytuj\u00fa chyby, ako s\u00fa jamky, odreniny a pri\u013enavos\u0165. Ak plocha defektu presahuje 20% v smere d\u013a\u017eky a v\u00fd\u0161ky zubu a na\u010falej sa vyv\u00edja, prevodov\u00fd p\u00e1r by sa mal vymeni\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.3 Mazanie<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 maj\u00fa dve formy mazania: mazanie v olejovom baz\u00e9ne a cirkula\u010dn\u00e9 mazanie. Mazac\u00ed olej sa vyber\u00e1 pod\u013ea pokynov zariadenia. V reduktoroch s m\u00e4kk\u00fdm povrchom zubov a stredne tvrd\u00fdm povrchom zubov sa pou\u017e\u00edva N100-150, zatia\u013e \u010do v reduktoroch s tvrd\u00fdm povrchom zubov a planetov\u00fdch reduktoroch sa pou\u017e\u00edva N220-320.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Mazac\u00ed olej by sa mal pravidelne kontrolova\u0165 a vymie\u0148a\u0165. Pri prvom pou\u017eit\u00ed novo nain\u0161talovan\u00e9ho reduktora sa mus\u00ed po 10-15 d\u0148och prev\u00e1dzky vymeni\u0165 za nov\u00fd olej. V bud\u00facnosti by sa mala kvalita oleja pravidelne kontrolova\u0165 (2 - 3 mesiace), a ak nesp\u013a\u0148a po\u017eiadavky, mal by sa okam\u017eite vymeni\u0165. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti by sa mal olej meni\u0165 aspo\u0148 ka\u017ed\u00fdch \u0161es\u0165 mesiacov. Ak pri testovan\u00ed kvality oleja nastane jedna z nasleduj\u00facich situ\u00e1ci\u00ed, mazac\u00ed olej sa mus\u00ed v\u010das vymeni\u0165:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Obsah cudz\u00edch l\u00e1tok v mazacom oleji prekra\u010duje 2%;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kovov\u00e9 abraz\u00edva v mazacom oleji s koncentr\u00e1ciou vy\u0161\u0161ou ako 0,5%;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obsah vody v mazacom oleji je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ako 2%;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Ka\u017edodenn\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba a \u00fadr\u017eba reduktora zah\u0155\u0148a najm\u00e4 kontrolu \u00faniku oleja, v\u010dasn\u00fa kontrolu hladiny kvapaliny v skrinke, kontrolu dobr\u00e9ho mazania, kontrolu pevnosti a neporu\u0161enosti skrutiek vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u010dastiach, pravideln\u00fa kontrolu teploty zariadenia a pou\u017e\u00edvanie oloven\u00e9ho dr\u00f4tu na zahryznutie do polohy ozubenia po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky na meranie opotrebovania zubov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-\u3001-maintenance-and-upkeep-of-the-gearbox\">3\u3001 \u00dadr\u017eba a servis prevodovky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"592\" height=\"592\" src=\"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/HD820.jpg\" alt=\"reduktor r\u00fdpadla\" class=\"wp-image-1368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/HD820.jpg 592w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/HD820-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/HD820-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/HD820-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">reduktor r\u00fdpadla<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Medzi mo\u017en\u00e9 poruchy, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 po\u010das pou\u017e\u00edvania prevodovky, patr\u00ed \u00fanik oleja, prehriatie oblasti lo\u017eiska, hlasn\u00fd hluk, nadmern\u00e1 teplota olejov\u00e9ho baz\u00e9na prevodovky (nad 70 stup\u0148ov), neobvykl\u00fd hluk z prevodovky, posun hnacieho hriade\u013ea, fragment\u00e1cia lo\u017eiska, po\u0161kodenie prevodovky at\u010f. Analyzuj\u00fa sa pr\u00ed\u010diny a prevent\u00edvne opatrenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.1 \u00danik oleja z prevodovky<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.1.1 Anal\u00fdza pr\u00ed\u010din:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K \u00faniku oleja doch\u00e1dza r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi, ale naj\u010dastej\u0161ie v miestach tesnenia hlavy akt\u00edvneho a hnacieho hriade\u013ea, najm\u00e4 v tesniacom kr\u00fa\u017eku akt\u00edvneho hriade\u013ea, \u010do je najz\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161ie. Okrem uveden\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00ed existuj\u00fa aj tri oblasti \u00faniku oleja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. \u00danik oleja pozd\u013a\u017e povrchu k\u013abu prevodovky;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. \u00danik oleja na kryte pozorovacieho otvoru na hornej strane reduktora;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. K \u00faniku oleja doch\u00e1dza cez vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ac\u00ed otvor v spodnej \u010dasti reduktora;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00danik oleja na kryte pozorovacieho otvoru a otvoru na vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie oleja je sp\u00f4soben\u00fd najm\u00e4 t\u00fdm, \u017ee upev\u0148ovacie skrutky nie s\u00fa \u00faplne dotiahnut\u00e9 alebo nie je nain\u0161talovan\u00e9 tesniace tesnenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010das mont\u00e1\u017ee jednotliv\u00fdch <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/gearbox-parts\/\">prevodovky<\/a><\/strong>, zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa na povrchu skrinky \u017eelezn\u00e9 hobliny, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa uvo\u013enenie povrchu skrinky a \u00fanik oleja. Pr\u00ed\u010dinou \u00faniku oleja na tesniacom povrchu nie s\u00fa len vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 faktory, ale predov\u0161etk\u00fdm deform\u00e1cia skrine prevodovky po ur\u010ditom \u010dase pou\u017e\u00edvania, \u010do m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok nerovn\u00fd tesniaci povrch a uvo\u013enen\u00e9 ulo\u017eenie, \u010do vedie k \u00faniku oleja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.1.2. Met\u00f3dy prevencie a elimin\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Kryt tesniaceho kr\u00fa\u017eku m\u00e1 odn\u00edmate\u013en\u00fa kon\u0161trukciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Tesniaci kr\u00fa\u017eok m\u00e1 otvoren\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Otvor pre n\u00e1vrat oleja na lo\u017eisku vstupn\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea by mal by\u0165 primerane zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. O\u0161etrenie skrine prevodovky proti starnutiu m\u00f4\u017ee zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 deform\u00e1cii a zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u00faniku oleja po povrchu skrine. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti existuj\u00fa tri met\u00f3dy na zlep\u0161enie \u00fa\u010dinnosti: prv\u00e1 je prirodzen\u00e9 zlyhanie; druh\u00e1 je umel\u00e9 starnutie; tretia je vibra\u010dn\u00e9 starnutie. M\u00f4\u017ee sa vybra\u0165 a spracova\u0165 pod\u013ea aktu\u00e1lnych podmienok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>e. Na tesniacej ploche z\u00e1kladne reduktora je odliata alebo opracovan\u00e1 kruhov\u00e1 olejov\u00e1 dr\u00e1\u017eka a na kruhov\u00fa olejov\u00fa dr\u00e1\u017eku je napojen\u00fdch viacero otvorov pre vratn\u00fd olej. Ke\u010f je prevodovka v prev\u00e1dzke, po presiaknut\u00ed oleja na povrch prevodovky sa olej dostane do kruhovej olejovej dr\u00e1\u017eky a potom cez vratn\u00fd otvor oleja pr\u00fadi do olejovej n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Mazac\u00ed olej nebude unika\u0165 po povrchu prevodovky smerom von z telesa prevodovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>f. Pri mont\u00e1\u017ei prevodovky m\u00f4\u017ee nanesenie vrstvy tesniaceho prostriedku (napr\u00edklad silik\u00f3nov\u00e9ho gumov\u00e9ho tmelu D05) na povrch spoja \u00fa\u010dinne zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u00faniku oleja na povrchu spoja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>g. Ak je hladina oleja v prevodovke pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, zvy\u0161uje sa nielen strata v\u00fdkonu oleja pri mie\u0161an\u00ed prevodovky, ale aj pravdepodobnos\u0165 \u00faniku oleja v d\u00f4sledku siln\u00e9ho rozstreku mazacieho oleja. Vedie to aj k neust\u00e1lemu zvy\u0161ovaniu teploty oleja, najm\u00e4 v lete, ke\u010f je teplota okolia vysok\u00e1, zv\u00fd\u0161i sa teplota oleja, zn\u00ed\u017ei sa viskozita mazacieho oleja, zn\u00ed\u017ei sa mazac\u00ed v\u00fdkon, zv\u00fd\u0161i sa tekutos\u0165 a \u00fanik oleja a priamo ovplyvn\u00ed mazanie prevodov a lo\u017e\u00edsk, \u010d\u00edm sa zn\u00ed\u017ei ich \u017eivotnos\u0165. Preto je potrebn\u00e9 po\u010das pou\u017e\u00edvania udr\u017eiava\u0165 norm\u00e1lnu hladinu oleja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>h. Namontujte tesniace tesnenia na kryt priezoru a otvor na vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie oleja a utiahnite skrutky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>l. Zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00edm vratn\u00e9ho olejov\u00e9ho otvoru v\u00fdstupn\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea m\u00f4\u017eete zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u00faniku oleja z v\u00fdstupn\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>j. Vylep\u0161ite priedu\u0161n\u00fd kryt a kryt kontroln\u00e9ho otvoru. Jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov \u00faniku oleja je, \u017ee vn\u00fatorn\u00fd tlak prevodovky je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ako vonkaj\u0161\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd tlak. Ak sa vynalo\u017e\u00ed \u00fasilie na vyrovnanie tlaku vo vn\u00fatri a mimo prevodovky, mo\u017eno zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u00faniku oleja. Hoci v\u0161etky prevodovky maj\u00fa priedu\u0161n\u00e9 uz\u00e1very, priedu\u0161n\u00e9 otvory s\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9 a m\u00f4\u017eu sa \u013eahko upcha\u0165 prachom a olejov\u00fdmi \u0161kvrnami. Okrem toho je pri ka\u017edom dop\u013a\u0148an\u00ed paliva potrebn\u00e9 otvori\u0165 kryciu dosku kontroln\u00e9ho otvoru, \u010do zvy\u0161uje mo\u017enos\u0165 \u00faniku oleja a sp\u00f4sobuje netesnosti v oblastiach, ktor\u00e9 p\u00f4vodne netesnili. M\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 priepustnos\u0165 vzduchu, aby sa dosiahol rovnak\u00fd tlak vo vn\u00fatri a vonku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.2 Prehrievanie alebo hluk v oblasti lo\u017eiska prevodovky<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.2.1 Anal\u00fdza pr\u00ed\u010din:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Nedostatok mazacieho oleja. Ak je hladina mazacieho oleja nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 alebo nem\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 primeran\u00fa v\u00fd\u0161ku v d\u00f4sledku \u00faniku prevodov\u00e9ho oleja, m\u00f4\u017ee to sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 vysok\u00fa teplotu alebo hluk v oblasti lo\u017eiska prevodovky;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Trenie o kryt lo\u017eiska alebo tesniacu \u010das\u0165. Ak je lo\u017eisko nespr\u00e1vne namontovan\u00e9, kryt lo\u017eiska nie je vo zvislej polohe alebo v d\u00f4sledku dlhodob\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania doch\u00e1dza k opotrebovaniu krytu lo\u017eiska alebo tesniacej \u010dasti a spojovacej \u010dasti, m\u00f4\u017ee to sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 vysok\u00fa teplotu alebo hluk v lo\u017eisku reduktora;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Po\u0161koden\u00e9 alebo opotrebovan\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1. Hlavn\u00fdm obsahom tejto polo\u017eky je, \u017ee \u00fachyt lo\u017eiska je po\u0161koden\u00fd, vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 a vonkaj\u0161ie kr\u00fa\u017eky s\u00fa opotrebovan\u00e9 alebo deformovan\u00e9 a gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 s\u00fa opotrebovan\u00e9 alebo vypadnut\u00e9, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 norm\u00e1lne fungovanie reduktora;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. V\u00f4\u013ea lo\u017eiska je pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00e1 alebo pr\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e1. Ak dlhodob\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie vedie k zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161eniu medzery medzi gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkou a vn\u00fatorn\u00fdm a vonkaj\u0161\u00edm kr\u00fa\u017ekom lo\u017eiska reduktora alebo medzi vn\u00fatorn\u00fdm a vonkaj\u0161\u00edm kr\u00fa\u017ekom lo\u017eiska a hriade\u013eom, ako aj medzi lo\u017eiskom a koncov\u00fdm krytom, m\u00f4\u017eu sa objavi\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>e. Rukov\u00e4\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010da \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa je uvo\u013enen\u00e1. Uvo\u013enen\u00e1 rukov\u00e4\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010da \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 vo\u013en\u00e9 ulo\u017eenie medzi ozuben\u00fdm kolesom a hriade\u013eom, \u010do vedie k prehrievaniu lo\u017eiska alebo hluku;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.2.2. Met\u00f3dy prevencie a elimin\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Skontrolujte hladinu oleja a dopl\u0148te mazac\u00ed olej;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Utiahnite skrutky lo\u017e\u00edsk a spojovac\u00edch \u010dast\u00ed a skontrolujte in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu tesnen\u00ed;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Skontrolujte lo\u017eisk\u00e1 a v pr\u00edpade po\u0161kodenia ich okam\u017eite vyme\u0148te;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. Ak v\u00f4\u013ea nevyhovuje, upravte v\u00f4\u013eu lo\u017eiska. Ak sa ned\u00e1 nastavi\u0165, lo\u017eisko vyme\u0148te;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>e. V pr\u00edpade uvo\u013enen\u00fdch hriade\u013eov \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies je potrebn\u00e9 v\u010das zasla\u0165 opravu;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.3 Nadmern\u00e1 teplota prevodov\u00e9ho oleja<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.3.1 Anal\u00fdza pr\u00ed\u010din:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Mazac\u00ed olej nie je kvalifikovan\u00fd alebo sa pou\u017e\u00edva pr\u00edli\u0161 dlho. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa v prevodovke na\u0161ej skupiny pou\u017e\u00edva v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou mazac\u00ed olej 320 # na extr\u00e9mne tlakov\u00e9 prevody. Ak sa prid\u00e1 mazac\u00ed olej s uplynutou dobou platnosti alebo s in\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami, alebo ak sa mazac\u00ed olej dlho nevymie\u0148a, m\u00f4\u017ee to sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fa teplotu oleja v prevodovke;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Nadmern\u00e9 mno\u017estvo mazacieho oleja. Ak je v\u00fd\u0161ka hladiny oleja vy\u0161\u0161ia ako horn\u00e1 a doln\u00e1 hranica meradla alebo vidite\u013en\u00e9ho otvoru, sp\u00f4sob\u00ed to pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fa teplotu prevodov\u00e9ho oleja;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Po\u0161koden\u00e9 \u010dasti. Mechanick\u00e9 po\u0161kodenie zah\u0155\u0148a v\u00e1\u017ene jamky na ozuben\u00fdch koles\u00e1ch, zlomenie zubov, po\u0161kodenie klietok lo\u017e\u00edsk, vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch a vonkaj\u0161\u00edch kr\u00fa\u017ekov, gu\u013ekov\u00fdch lo\u017e\u00edsk a v\u00e1\u017ene zablokovanie lo\u017e\u00edsk alebo deform\u00e1ciu hriade\u013ea;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. Vonkaj\u0161ia strana schr\u00e1nky je pokryt\u00e1 ne\u010distotami alebo prachom. Ak s\u00fa okolo reduktora nahromaden\u00e9 veci alebo povrch telesa nie je dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das \u010disten\u00fd, je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee pokr\u00fdvka z ne\u010dist\u00f4t alebo prachu m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 ne\u00fapln\u00fd odvod tepla z reduktora, \u010do vedie k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu teploty oleja;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>e. Chladiace zariadenie je zablokovan\u00e9 alebo nefunguje spr\u00e1vne. Chladiace zariadenie, podobne ako prevodovka, je umiestnen\u00e9 v pra\u0161nej tov\u00e1renskej budove. Ak sa vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 potrubia dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das ne\u010distia a chladiace zariadenie je zablokovan\u00e9 alebo po\u0161koden\u00e9, sp\u00f4sob\u00ed to zv\u00fd\u0161enie teploty oleja v prevodovke;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.3.2. Met\u00f3da vyl\u00fa\u010denia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Vyme\u0148te mazac\u00ed olej;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Odstr\u00e1\u0148te prebyto\u010dn\u00fd olej;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Starostlivo skontrolujte a n\u00e1jdite po\u0161koden\u00e9 diely, v\u010das ich opravte alebo vyme\u0148te;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. Odstr\u00e1\u0148te ne\u010distoty a prach;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>e. Vyme\u0148te chladiace zariadenie alebo odstr\u00e1\u0148te zablokovanie;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.4 Nadmern\u00e9 vibr\u00e1cie prevodovky<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.4.1 Anal\u00fdza pr\u00ed\u010din:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Uvo\u013enen\u00e9 z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 skrutky. V d\u00f4sledku dlhodobej prev\u00e1dzky m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 reduktor uvo\u013enen\u00e9 alebo po\u0161koden\u00e9 z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 skrutky, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 nadmern\u00e9 vibr\u00e1cie a abnorm\u00e1lne pracovn\u00e9 podmienky;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Spojka je po\u0161koden\u00e1. Ak je spojka pripojen\u00e1 k tomuto reduktoru po\u0161koden\u00e1 v d\u00f4sledku \u00faniku oleja, uvo\u013enen\u00fdch skrutiek at\u010f., jej vibr\u00e1cie sa pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa na reduktor a sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa abnorm\u00e1lne vibr\u00e1cie reduktora;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Skrutky motora s\u00fa uvo\u013enen\u00e9. Podobne ako pri poruche spojky, ke\u010f motor z r\u00f4znych pr\u00ed\u010din vibruje, pren\u00e1\u0161a vibr\u00e1cie na prevodovku, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje zv\u00fd\u0161enie vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed prevodovky;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. Lo\u017eisk\u00e1 s\u00fa zna\u010dne opotrebovan\u00e9. Ako je vysvetlen\u00e9 v bode 4.2.1 tejto polo\u017eky, v\u0161etky uveden\u00e9 d\u00f4vody m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165, \u017ee prevodovka nebude spr\u00e1vne fungova\u0165;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>e. Po\u0161kodenie prevodovky. Po\u0161kodenie ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa zah\u0155\u0148a siln\u00e9 jamky na povrchu zubov, ve\u013ek\u00fa v\u00f4\u013eu v ok\u00e1ch ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa, siln\u00e9 opotrebovanie zubov ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa a zlomenie zubov. Tieto situ\u00e1cie opotrebovania ozuben\u00fdch kolies m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 t\u00fdm, \u017ee prevodovka nem\u00f4\u017ee spr\u00e1vne fungova\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku vysok\u00fdch vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>f. Deform\u00e1cia osi str\u00e1ca rovnov\u00e1hu. Ak s\u00fa pevnos\u0165 a tvrdos\u0165 hriade\u013ea ni\u017e\u0161ie, ako s\u00fa po\u017eiadavky, alebo ak doch\u00e1dza k jeho starnutiu v d\u00f4sledku dlhodobej prev\u00e1dzky, d\u00f4jde k deform\u00e1cii hriade\u013ea, \u010do sp\u00f4sob\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 vibr\u00e1cie prevodovky;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.4.2 Met\u00f3dy prevencie a elimin\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Utiahnite z\u00e1kladov\u00e9 skrutky;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Skontrolujte po\u0161koden\u00e9 \u010dasti a pr\u00ed\u010diny po\u0161kodenia spojky a spojku v\u010das opravte;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Utiahnite uvo\u013enen\u00e9 skrutky motora;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. Vyme\u0148te lo\u017eisk\u00e1;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>e. Vyme\u0148te ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>f. Vyme\u0148te hriade\u013e;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.5 Fragment\u00e1cia lo\u017eiska<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.5.1. Anal\u00fdza pr\u00ed\u010din: K praskaniu lo\u017eiska reduktora doch\u00e1dza najm\u00e4 v lo\u017eisku hnacieho hriade\u013ea, a to najm\u00e4 preto, \u017ee pri pohybe hnacieho hriade\u013ea doch\u00e1dza k axi\u00e1lnemu pos\u00favaniu medzi vn\u00fatorn\u00fdm kr\u00fa\u017ekom lo\u017eiska a val\u010dekom, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje axi\u00e1lny pohyb vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho kr\u00fa\u017eku lo\u017eiska, v d\u00f4sledku \u010doho sa najsk\u00f4r po\u0161kod\u00ed vn\u00fatorn\u00fd val\u010dek lo\u017eiska;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.5.2. Met\u00f3dy prevencie a elimin\u00e1cie: Zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ite medzikus medzi vn\u00fatorn\u00fdm kr\u00fa\u017ekom a hriade\u013eom alebo pridajte blokovac\u00ed kr\u00fa\u017eok na vonkaj\u0161iu stranu vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho kr\u00fa\u017eku lo\u017eiska, aby ste zabr\u00e1nili axi\u00e1lnemu posunu;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.6 Abnorm\u00e1lny hluk z prevodovky<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.6.1 Anal\u00fdza pr\u00ed\u010din:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Pre\u0165a\u017een\u00e1 prev\u00e1dzka prevodovky; b. Nerovnomern\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie pracovn\u00e9ho stroja; c. Zhor\u0161enie kvality mazacieho oleja; d. Opotrebovanie povrchu zubov prevodovky alebo zl\u00e1 kvalita v\u00fdroby; e. Nadmern\u00e1 alebo nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00f4\u013ea lo\u017eiska; f. Na povrchu zubov je lepidlo; g. Vo vn\u00fatri prevodovky s\u00fa ne\u010distoty;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.6.2 Met\u00f3dy prevencie a elimin\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Pracujte v s\u00falade s regula\u010dn\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Nastavte stav rovnov\u00e1hy;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Vypustite znehodnoten\u00fd mazac\u00ed olej vo vn\u00fatri reduktora, d\u00f4kladne ho vy\u010distite a nahra\u010fte ho kvalifikovan\u00fdm mazac\u00edm olejom;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. V\u010dasn\u00e9 odoslanie do opravovne na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie opravy a v\u00fdmenu dielov;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>e. Nastavte v\u00f4\u013eu lo\u017eiska;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>f. Kontrola a \u010distenie;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>g. Vypustite olej na \u010distenie;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.7 Po\u0161kodenie prevodovky<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.7.1 L\u00e1manie zubov<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.7.1.1 Anal\u00fdza pr\u00ed\u010din:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lom ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 na \u00fanavov\u00fd lom a lom z pre\u0165a\u017eenia. Po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky ozuben\u00e9ho prevodu s\u00fa zuby ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa vystaven\u00e9 mnohon\u00e1sobn\u00e9mu striedav\u00e9mu za\u0165a\u017eeniu, ktor\u00e9 p\u00f4sob\u00ed na nebezpe\u010dn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 kore\u0148a zuba ohybov\u00fdm \u00fanavov\u00fdm nap\u00e4t\u00edm. Na koreni zubu sa vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa \u00fanavov\u00e9 trhliny a p\u00f4soben\u00edm striedav\u00e9ho \u00fanavov\u00e9ho nam\u00e1hania v ohybe sa \u00fanavov\u00e9 trhliny postupne roz\u0161iruj\u00fa, \u010do nakoniec vedie k \u00fanavov\u00e9mu lomu zubov v ohybe; po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky prevodovky m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k lomu pri pre\u0165a\u017een\u00ed v d\u00f4sledku kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9ho pre\u0165a\u017eenia, n\u00e1razov\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia alebo siln\u00e9ho opotrebenia a sten\u010denia zubov<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.7.1.2 Rie\u0161enie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161enie prechodov\u00e9ho polomeru kore\u0148a zuba a minimaliz\u00e1cia hodnoty drsnosti obroben\u00e9ho povrchu m\u00f4\u017eu zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 vplyv koncentr\u00e1cie nap\u00e4tia, zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 tuhos\u0165 hriade\u013ea a podpery a zmierni\u0165 lok\u00e1lne za\u0165a\u017eenie povrchu zuba; Zabezpe\u010di\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00fa h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165 stredu zubov ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa; Spr\u00e1vna \u00faprava zosilnenia na koreni zuba m\u00f4\u017ee zlep\u0161i\u0165 schopnos\u0165 zubov ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa proti zlomeniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.7.2 Odlupovanie a odlupovanie ozuben\u00fdch kolies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.7.2.1 Anal\u00fdza pr\u00ed\u010din:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom vzniku jamiek a odlupovania na povrchu ozuben\u00fdch kolies je nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 kontaktn\u00e1 \u00fanavov\u00e1 pevnos\u0165 ozuben\u00fdch kolies. Rozdiel medzi jamkovan\u00edm, odlupovan\u00edm a opotrebovan\u00edm spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee kov sa neodiera vo forme \u010diasto\u010diek, ale odlupuje sa v blokoch, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje priehlbiny na povrchu zubov a v\u00e1\u017ene po\u0161kodzuje spr\u00e1vnos\u0165 profilu zubov. Proces po\u0161kodenia je nasledovn\u00fd: najprv sa na povrchu zuba vytvoria mal\u00e9 trhliny a do \u00fanavovej trhliny sa dostane mazac\u00ed olej. Potom sa po viacn\u00e1sobnom opakovanom p\u00f4soben\u00ed oka trhlina \u010falej zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uje a roz\u0161iruje. Mazac\u00ed olej pri roz\u0161irovan\u00ed a predl\u017eovan\u00ed neust\u00e1le zap\u013a\u0148a hlbok\u00fa \u010das\u0165 trhliny, a\u017e k\u00fdm sa mal\u00fd k\u00fasok kovu neodl\u00fa\u010di a neopust\u00ed povrch zuba. Tento jav nar\u00fa\u0161a norm\u00e1lny v\u00fdkon ozuben\u00fdch kolies. Hlavn\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u010diny vzniku jamiek na povrchu zubov s\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Materi\u00e1l, tvrdos\u0165 a chyby. Materi\u00e1l ozuben\u00fdch kolies nesp\u013a\u0148a po\u017eiadavky; hlavn\u00fdm faktorom ovplyv\u0148uj\u00facim kontaktn\u00fa \u00fanavov\u00fa pevnos\u0165 ozuben\u00fdch kolies je ni\u017e\u0161ia tvrdos\u0165 po tepelnom spracovan\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 nem\u00f4\u017ee zaru\u010di\u0165 o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fa kontaktn\u00fa \u00fanavov\u00fa pevnos\u0165 ozuben\u00fdch kolies. Okrem toho s\u00fa jednou z pr\u00ed\u010din nedostato\u010dnej kontaktnej \u00fanavovej pevnosti aj defekty na povrchu alebo vn\u00fatri zubov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Slab\u00e1 presnos\u0165 prevodovky. Presnos\u0165 spracovania a mont\u00e1\u017ee ozuben\u00fdch kolies nesp\u013a\u0148a po\u017eiadavky, ako napr\u00edklad n\u00edzka presnos\u0165 z\u00e1beru a presnos\u0165 pohybu. Chyba stredovej vzdialenosti pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a kruhov\u00e9ho obl\u00fakov\u00e9ho prevodu je pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Mazac\u00ed olej nesp\u013a\u0148a po\u017eiadavky. Trieda pou\u017eit\u00e9ho mazacieho oleja je nespr\u00e1vna, viskozita oleja je n\u00edzka a mazac\u00ed v\u00fdkon je slab\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. Hladina oleja je pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1. Hladina oleja je pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 a teplota oleja st\u00fapa pr\u00edli\u0161 vysoko, \u010do zni\u017euje viskozitu mazacieho oleja, po\u0161kodzuje mazac\u00ed v\u00fdkon a zni\u017euje pracovn\u00fa hr\u00fabku olejov\u00e9ho filmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.7.2.2 Rie\u0161enie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zlep\u0161enie tvrdosti povrchu zuba, zn\u00ed\u017eenie hodnoty drsnosti povrchu zuba, pou\u017eitie \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho koeficientu posunu, zv\u00fd\u0161enie viskozity mazacieho oleja a zn\u00ed\u017eenie dynamick\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 vzniku \u00fanavov\u00fdch jamiek na povrchu zuba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.7.3 Opotrebovanie ozuben\u00fdch kolies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.7.3.1 Anal\u00fdza pr\u00ed\u010din:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460 Nedostatok oleja;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2461 Pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 opotrebovan\u00fdch kovov\u00fdch hobl\u00edn v mazacom oleji m\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 opotrebovanie povrchu zubov;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2462 Materi\u00e1l prevodovky nesp\u013a\u0148a po\u017eiadavky, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje abnorm\u00e1lne opotrebovanie;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2463 Ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 maj\u00fa chyby, ako s\u00fa pieskov\u00e9 otvory, vzduchov\u00e9 otvory, vo\u013enos\u0165 a nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 sf\u00e9roidiz\u00e1cia;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2464 Nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 tvrdos\u0165 pri tepelnom spracovan\u00ed alebo nepodrobenie tepeln\u00e9mu spracovaniu;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2465 Presnos\u0165 zaseknutia ozuben\u00fdch kolies a presnos\u0165 pohybu nesp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa po\u017eiadavky;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2466 Kruhov\u00e9 obl\u00fakov\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 s\u00fa ve\u013emi citliv\u00e9 na chyby stredovej vzdialenosti, najm\u00e4 na chybu stredovej vzdialenosti smerom dopredu, ktor\u00e1 nielen zni\u017euje pevnos\u0165 zubov v ohybe, ale tie\u017e zvy\u0161uje opotrebenie pri posuve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.7.3.2 Rie\u0161enie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zlep\u0161ite tvrdos\u0165 povrchu zubov, zn\u00ed\u017ete hodnotu drsnosti povrchu, udr\u017eiavajte prevodov\u00e9 zariadenie a mazac\u00ed olej v \u010distote, zabezpe\u010dte dostato\u010dn\u00e9 mazanie, pridajte do mazacieho oleja vhodn\u00e9 pr\u00edsady proti opotrebovaniu, pridajte do olejovej n\u00e1dr\u017ee nieko\u013eko magnetick\u00fdch telies a vyu\u017eite magnetick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok na adsorpciu kovov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc v mazacej kvapaline, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 obsah kovov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc v mazacej kvapaline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.8 S\u00e9ria hriade\u013eov reduk\u010dn\u00fdch prevodoviek<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.8.1 Anal\u00fdza pr\u00ed\u010din:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161etky poruchy strunovej osi na mieste sa prejavuj\u00fa pohybom struny vstupn\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea. Existuj\u00fa dve hlavn\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u010diny strunovej osi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. V d\u00f4sledku zlomeniny zubu str\u00e1ca vstupn\u00fd hriade\u013e axi\u00e1lnu v\u00e4zbu a sp\u00f4sobuje nes\u00faosos\u0165 hriade\u013ea;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Je to sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 uvo\u013enen\u00fdm upevnen\u00edm medzi hnac\u00edm ozuben\u00fdm kolesom na medzi\u013eahlom hriadeli a hriade\u013eom. V skuto\u010dnom prevode \u010dasto v d\u00f4sledku nedostato\u010dn\u00e9ho vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho spojenia medzi hnan\u00fdm ozuben\u00fdm kolesom a medzin\u00e1pravov\u00fdm hriade\u013eom sp\u00f4sobuje hnan\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koleso axi\u00e1lny posun vo\u010di medzin\u00e1pravov\u00e9mu hriade\u013eu, \u010do n\u00e1sledne sp\u00f4sobuje axi\u00e1lny posun vstupn\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Preto je hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou re\u0165azca hriade\u013ea prevodovky nedostato\u010dn\u00e9 ru\u0161enie. Okrem toho m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00fd vplyv na s\u00e9riov\u00fd hriade\u013e aj riadenie prevodovky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c. Odch\u00fdlka pri obr\u00e1ban\u00ed ozuben\u00fdch kolies sp\u00f4sobuje nes\u00faosos\u0165 hriade\u013ea. Odch\u00fdlka obr\u00e1bania hnacieho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa na medzi\u013eahlom hriadeli m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 nes\u00faosos\u0165 hriade\u013ea. Obr\u00e1ban\u00edm ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa sa polohuje vonkaj\u0161ia kru\u017enica a \u010deln\u00e1 plocha, zatia\u013e \u010do mont\u00e1\u017eou ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa sa polohuje vn\u00fatorn\u00fd otvor. Niekedy, ak vn\u00fatorn\u00fd otvor nie je s\u00fastredn\u00fd s vonkaj\u0161\u00edm kruhom alebo nie je kolm\u00fd na koncov\u00fa plochu, sp\u00f4sob\u00ed to odch\u00fdlku spracovan\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa od osi vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho otvoru. Tento druh \u0161ikm\u00e9ho rybinov\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa nie je kolm\u00fd na rovinu a os, v ktorej sa nach\u00e1dza stredov\u00e1 \u010diara. Ke\u010f sa ozuben\u00e9 koleso raz oto\u010d\u00ed, vykon\u00e1 axi\u00e1lny vratn\u00fd pohyb v ur\u010ditom bode na osi, \u010do n\u00fati vstupn\u00fd hriade\u013e, aby tie\u017e raz vykonal axi\u00e1lny vratn\u00fd pohyb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d. Chyba uhla \u0161pir\u00e1ly ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa sp\u00f4sobuje nespr\u00e1vne nastavenie hriade\u013ea. Obe polovice medzihriade\u013ea a v\u00fdstupn\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea s\u00fa poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e9 rybinov\u00fdmi ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami. V d\u00f4sledku aktu\u00e1lnej chyby uhla \u0161pir\u00e1ly sa zmen\u00ed nastavenie herringbone gearu vo\u010di osi, \u010do vedie k nespr\u00e1vnemu nastaveniu hriade\u013ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>e. Ke\u010f je reduktor vystaven\u00fd kladn\u00e9mu a z\u00e1porn\u00e9mu kr\u00fatiacemu momentu, chyby hr\u00fabky zubov, nerovnomern\u00e9 a pred\u010dasn\u00e9 opotrebovanie povrchu zubov a deform\u00e1cia chrbta zubov sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa nespr\u00e1vne nastavenie hriade\u013ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V skuto\u010dnom prevode je v d\u00f4sledku r\u00f4znych stup\u0148ov odch\u00fdlky dvoch polovi\u010dn\u00fdch hnan\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies axi\u00e1lny s\u00e9riov\u00fd pohyb vstupn\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea v\u00fdsledkom kombinovan\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku r\u00f4znych stup\u0148ov odch\u00fdlky dvoch polovi\u010dn\u00fdch hnan\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies na medzin\u00e1pravovom hriadeli. Okrem toho sp\u00f4sobuje s\u00e9riov\u00fd pohyb aj hnacie ozuben\u00e9 koleso na v\u00fdstupnom hriadeli v d\u00f4sledku odch\u00fdlky pri obr\u00e1ban\u00ed ozuben\u00fdch kolies. Ke\u010f\u017ee je v\u0161ak v\u00fdstupn\u00fd hriade\u013e v axi\u00e1lnom smere pevn\u00fd, n\u00fati medzihriade\u013e k pohybu, \u010d\u00edm n\u00fati vstupn\u00fd hriade\u013e k s\u00e9riov\u00e9mu pohybu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.8.2 Rie\u0161enie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zlep\u0161uje pevnos\u0165 a presnos\u0165 v\u00fdroby ozuben\u00fdch kolies a zni\u017euje hodnoty drsnosti ozuben\u00fdch kolies a hriade\u013eov. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom, ako zlep\u0161i\u0165 presnos\u0165 mont\u00e1\u017ee a tesnos\u0165 hnan\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa a hriade\u013ea, je dosiahnu\u0165 primeran\u00e9 interferen\u010dn\u00e9 ulo\u017eenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"604\" src=\"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/yeya-1024x604.jpg\" alt=\"Hydraulick\u00fd syst\u00e9m r\u00fdpadla\" class=\"wp-image-3898\" srcset=\"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/yeya-1024x604.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/yeya-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/yeya-768x453.jpg 768w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/yeya-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/yeya-600x354.jpg 600w, https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/yeya.jpg 1036w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hydraulick\u00fd syst\u00e9m r\u00fdpadla<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Obsah<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#excavator-reducer-foundation\">Nad\u00e1cia r\u00fdpadla Redukcia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#analyzing-the-causes-of-gear-pitting-and-peeling-in-excavator-reducers\">Anal\u00fdza pr\u00ed\u010din vzniku jamiek a odlupovania ozuben\u00fdch kolies v reduktoroch r\u00fdpadiel<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#2-1-what-are-the-causes-of-gear-pitting-and-peeling-in-the-gearbox-excavator-reducer\">2.1 Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010diny vzniku jamiek a odlupovania ozuben\u00fdch kolies v prevodovke (reduktore r\u00fdpadla)?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-2-please-provide-a-brief-analysis-of-the-cause-of-the-gearbox-shaft-coupling\">2.2. Uve\u010fte stru\u010dn\u00fa anal\u00fdzu pr\u00ed\u010diny spojenia hriade\u013ea prevodovky?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-3-please-briefly-analyze-the-reasons-for-the-high-temperature-of-the-deceleration-oil\">2.3. Stru\u010dne analyzujte pr\u00ed\u010diny vysokej teploty spoma\u013eovacieho oleja?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#2-4-regular-maintenance-and-malfunctions-of-the-excavator-reducer\">2.4. Pravideln\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba a poruchy reduktora r\u00fdpadla :<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-\u3001-maintenance-and-upkeep-of-the-excavator-reducer\">3\u3001 \u00dadr\u017eba a \u00fadr\u017eba reduktora r\u00fdpadla<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3-\u3001-maintenance-and-upkeep-of-the-gearbox\">3\u3001 \u00dadr\u017eba a servis prevodovky<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Excavator Reducer Foundation Analyzing the Causes of Gear Pitting and Peeling in Excavator Reducers 2.1 What are the causes of gear pitting and peeling in the gearbox (excavator reducer)? Let&#8217;s dive into the various factors that can lead to gear pitting and peeling: a. Material, Hardness, and Defects b. Poor Gear Accuracy c. Inadequate Lubricating [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3898,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2659","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2659"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2659\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swingbearing.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}