Rozdíl mezi kyvnými a kluznými ložisky

Kyvná ložiska (otočná ložiska) jsou novým typem mechanických součástí. Skládá se z vnitřního kroužku, vnějšího kroužku, valivého tělesa atd. kyvná ložiska jsou velká ložiska, která vydrží celé zatížení. Mohou současně přenášet velká axiální zatížení, radiální zatížení a klopné momenty. Vyznačuje se kompaktní konstrukcí, nízkou hmotností, vynikající tuhostí konstrukce, vysokou přesností, bezpečností a spolehlivostí.

Dnes porovnáme podobnosti a rozdíly mezi kyvnými a kluznými ložisky. Obě mají stejné funkční principy, konstrukce a součásti. Obě mají valivá kola s valivými elementy a dráhy. Ve srovnání s tradičními ložisky však existuje mnoho rozdílů.

Differences Between Swing Bearings and Plain Bearings

Bearings are essential components in machinery, enabling smooth and efficient movement between parts. Among the various types of bearings, swing bearings and plain bearings stand out due to their unique characteristics and applications. Understanding the differences between these two types of bearings can help in selecting the right bearing for specific mechanical systems. This article delves into the key differences between swing bearings and plain bearings, covering aspects such as installation methods, size, structure, load capacity, operating speed, manufacturing process, and sealing devices.

Metody instalace

Kyvné ložisko

Swing bearings, also known as slewing bearings, are not attached to a spindle like regular bearings. Instead, they are mounted onto a bearing housing. The installation of swing bearings involves attaching them to the top and bottom supports using screws or bolts. This unique installation method allows swing bearings to support large and complex structures such as cranes, excavators, and wind turbines.

• Mounting: Swing bearings are typically mounted on large, stationary structures and secured with multiple fasteners.
• Support: The bearing housing provides a stable and robust support system that can handle heavy loads and large rotational movements.
• Flexibility: This installation method offers flexibility in adjusting the alignment and positioning of the bearing to accommodate various operational requirements.

Kluzná ložiska

Plain bearings, also known as bushings, are generally simpler in design and installation compared to swing bearings. They are typically mounted directly onto the spindle or shaft, allowing for a straightforward and compact setup.

• Mounting: Plain bearings are usually pressed or slid onto a shaft, sometimes requiring a tight interference fit.
• Support: They rely on the shaft and housing to provide support, which is sufficient for applications involving lower loads and rotational speeds.
• Jednoduchost: The installation process is relatively simple, making plain bearings suitable for smaller and less complex machinery.

Size Difference

Kyvné ložisko

Swing bearings are characterized by their large size, which can range from 0.4 meters to 10 meters in diameter. In some specialized applications, the diameter of swing bearings can reach up to 40 meters. This substantial size enables them to support heavy and large structures.

• Diameter: Typically ranges from 0.4 to 10 meters, with some bearings exceeding 40 meters in diameter.
• Aplikace: Suitable for heavy machinery and equipment such as excavators, cranes, wind turbines, and large industrial machines.
• Nosnost: The large size allows swing bearings to handle substantial loads and forces, making them ideal for demanding applications.

Kluzná ložiska

Plain bearings are generally much smaller in size compared to swing bearings. Their compact dimensions make them suitable for applications where space is limited and the loads are relatively lighter.

• Diameter: Typically small, often less than a few centimeters in diameter.
• Aplikace: Commonly used in small machinery, household appliances, automotive components, and other low-load applications.
• Kompaktní design: The smaller size allows for easy integration into tight spaces, making plain bearings ideal for applications requiring minimal space.

Structure Type

Kyvná ložiska

Swing bearings are available in a variety of designs, each tailored to specific applications and load requirements. They can be broadly classified into two main types based on the contact mechanism: point contact and line contact.

Point Contact

• Ball Bearings: Swing bearings with ball elements provide point contact, offering high precision and low friction.
• Aplikace: Suitable for applications requiring smooth rotation and high precision, such as robotics and medical equipment.

Line Contact

• Roller Bearings: Swing bearings with roller elements provide line contact, which can handle higher loads and offer better stability.
• Aplikace: Ideal for heavy-duty applications such as construction machinery, mining equipment, and industrial machinery.

Kluzná ložiska

Plain bearings have a simpler structure compared to swing bearings. They can be classified based on their material and design into several types, such as sleeve bearings, flanged bearings, and thrust bearings.

• Sleeve Bearings: Cylindrical bearings that provide smooth sliding motion.
• Flanged Bearings: Bearings with a flange for mounting, offering better alignment and support.
• Thrust Bearings: Designed to handle axial loads and prevent shaft movement along the axis.

Kapacita zatížení

Kyvné ložisko

Swing bearings are designed to withstand a variety of lateral loads, including axial and radial forces as well as large tilting moments. This ability to handle multiple load types simultaneously makes them suitable for heavy-duty applications.

• Axial Load: Swing bearings can support significant axial loads, which are forces parallel to the axis of rotation.
• Radial Load: They can also handle radial loads, which are perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
• Tilting Moments: Swing bearings are capable of withstanding large tilting moments, making them ideal for applications with uneven load distribution and heavy rotational forces.

Kluzná ložiska

Plain bearings, on the other hand, are generally designed to handle lower loads compared to swing bearings. Their load capacity is usually limited to lighter applications where the forces are not as intense.

• Axial Load: Plain bearings can support moderate axial loads, but not as high as those handled by swing bearings.
• Radial Load: They can handle radial loads effectively in smaller applications.
• Tilting Moments: Plain bearings have limited capacity to withstand tilting moments, making them less suitable for applications with high rotational forces.

Speed Difference

The operating speed of swing bearings is typically very low, usually less than 10 revolutions per minute (rpm). Additionally, swing bearings often do not rotate continuously but rather operate within a specific angle, corresponding to the so-called “swing arm bearing.”

• Low Speed: Usually operates at speeds less than 10 rpm.
• Swing Motion: Often rotates within a limited angle rather than continuously.
• Aplikace: Ideal for applications where low-speed, high-load rotation is required, such as cranes and excavators.

Kluzná ložiska

Plain bearings can operate at much higher speeds compared to swing bearings. Their simple design allows them to handle continuous and high-speed rotation efficiently.

• High Speed: Capable of operating at high speeds, often exceeding several thousand rpm.
• Continuous Rotation: Suitable for applications requiring continuous and smooth rotation.
• Aplikace: Commonly used in automotive engines, electric motors, and other high-speed machinery.

Manufacturing Process

Kyvné ložisko

The manufacturing process for swing bearing is complex and involves high precision and advanced techniques. The materials and workmanship required for swing bearings are specialized to ensure durability and reliability under heavy loads.

• Precision Engineering: Involves high-precision machining and assembly to achieve the required tolerances and performance.
• Materials: Uses high-strength materials such as alloy steels and specialized coatings to enhance durability and load capacity.
• Advanced Techniques: Employs advanced manufacturing techniques such as heat treatment, surface finishing, and precise assembly to ensure optimal performance.

Kluzná ložiska

Plain bearings have a simpler manufacturing process compared to swing bearings. They are made from various materials, including metals, polymers, and composites, depending on the application requirements.

• Simple Manufacturing: Involves basic machining and forming processes to produce the desired shape and dimensions.
• Materials: Uses a variety of materials, including bronze, brass, plastic, and composites, tailored to specific applications.
• Cost-Effective: The simpler manufacturing process makes plain bearings more cost-effective and easier to produce in large quantities.

Sealing Devices

Kyvné ložisko

Swing bearings are usually equipped with teeth for rotational drive and seals to keep out dust and contaminants. These sealing devices are essential for maintaining the cleanliness and longevity of the bearing.

• Teeth for Drive: Equipped with teeth that facilitate rotational drive, ensuring precise and controlled movement.
• Seals: Uses advanced sealing mechanisms to prevent dust, dirt, and moisture from entering the bearing, protecting the internal components.
• Maintenance: Requires regular inspection and maintenance of the seals to ensure their effectiveness and prevent contamination.

Kluzná ložiska

Plain bearings may also incorporate sealing devices, but they are generally simpler compared to those used in swing bearings. The seals in plain bearings are designed to keep lubrication in place and prevent contaminants from entering.

• Basic Seals: Uses simple seals to retain lubrication and prevent contamination.
• Mazání: Relies on consistent lubrication to maintain smooth operation and reduce wear.
• Maintenance: Regular lubrication and inspection of the seals are necessary to ensure the bearing’s longevity and performance.

Závěr

In summary, swing bearings and plain bearings differ significantly in various aspects, including installation methods, size, structure, load capacity, operating speed, manufacturing process, and sealing devices. Swing bearings are designed for heavy-duty applications requiring large size, high load capacity, and low-speed rotation. They are complex in design and manufacturing, with advanced sealing mechanisms to ensure durability and reliability.

On the other hand, plain bearings are simpler and smaller, suitable for high-speed, low-load applications. Their straightforward design and manufacturing process make them cost-effective and easy to produce. Understanding these differences can help in selecting the right bearing for specific mechanical systems, ensuring optimal performance and longevity.

2. Advantages of swing bearing

1. Snadné zpracování, citlivost, nízký rotační odpor.

2. Jedná se o kompaktní konstrukci s malými vnějšími rozměry (především výškou).

3. Snadná údržba a dlouhá životnost.

4. Skládá se z řetězových kol, těsnění, šroubů atd., snadno se instaluje a profesionálně centralizuje výrobu.

5. Neexistuje žádný mezilehlý otočný bod, do mezery lze instalovat jiné součásti.

Do you understand the difference between swing bearings and plain bearings? NATIONAL slewing bearings are used in a variety of applications, mainly in lifting machinery (truck cranes, tower cranes, etc. ), construction machinery (excavators, loaders, etc. ), transportation machinery, etc. Of course, the same applies to kyvné ložisko bagru. Nabízíme řadu modelů, které dokonale vyhovují vašemu stroji.

Some models of kyvná ložiska bagrů for reference